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[La Festa di San Giuseppe – March 19]

by Allison Scola

At this time of year, New Yorkers are starting to see a lot of green in honor of Saint Patrick’s Day. Yet in Sicily and southern Italy during these last days of winter, Sicilians and Italians are wearing a lot of red in honor of La Festa di San Giuseppe, or Saint Joseph’s Day, a Christian holiday that is celebrated annually on March 19.

Saint Joseph was the spouse of the Virgin Mary and the guardian-father of Jesus Christ. A carpenter by trade, he is regarded as the protector of all men who earn their livings through laborious work. He is also the patron saint of fathers. (March 19 is also Father’s Day in Italy.) Legend is that in Sicily and southern Italy during the 10th century, a drought caused a severe famine. The faithful prayed to Saint Joseph to bring rain, and in return, they promised to hold a feast in his honor. Rain and recovery from hunger did come, and since then, Saint Joseph has been one of the most venerated saints south of Rome.

It is no mistake that Saint Joseph’s Day coincides with the spring equinox and pre-Christian rituals that were celebrated to mark the end of winter. In the Northern Hemisphere, March marks a period of scarcity, when stored supplies are dwindling yet there are still some months before the Earth will yield a new crop. The festivities of Saint Joseph’s Day are linked to the land, vegetation, and the animal kingdom. It is a feast of thanksgiving for having survived through the winter months and a request for abundance in the spring and summer seasons ahead.

In Sicily and southern Italy, Saint Joseph’s Day is a communal holiday, and in many communities, especially small villages such as Salemi near Trapani, Valguarnera Caropepe near Enna, and Giurdignano near Lecce, starting days before the feast, they perform a series of rituals. For example, on the night of March 18, it is customary to light purifying bonfires where the faithful burn old and broken possessions they don’t want to carry into the new agricultural year. Most common on March 18 and 19, men of observing communities process a statue of Saint Joseph through village streets accompanied by the local marching band and needy children who are dressed up as angels and the Holy Family: Jesus, Mary, and Joseph.

The most notable and distinct ritual of Saint Joseph’s Day however, is the prepared altars or tables, known as le tavolate di San Giuseppe (or a Tavulatu di San Giuseppe in Sicilian). Customarily built by women as a prayer of thanks for the mercy and generosity the Saint has granted to their families and friends, the altars are an exhibition of abundance and a dialogue with God. They are a grand display of local specialties and sweets surrounded by citrus fruits, vegetables, wine, candles, pictures of the Saint and deceased loved ones, and plant elements such as nuts, seeds, beans, flowers, and laurel leaves. Most prominent, though, are the sculpted loaves of bread that represent fertility and prosperity.

Saint Joseph’s Day is primarily a celebration of bread, which in Sicily and southern Italy is sacred because wheat is the most important crop of the region. Bread-making is a devotional act that represents the presence of God and spiritual nourishment. It combines the fundamental elements of nature: earth, air, water, and fire. And Saint Joseph’s Day bread, most of which is not meant to be eaten, is artistically shaped as an act of prayer into wreaths, lilies, daisies, fava beans in their pods, fish, butterflies, doves, chalices, hearts, hands, and carpentry tools such as ladders, hammers, and pliers, and importantly, symbols of fatherhood, such as beards and flowering staffs.

The devotional tables are traditionally dressed with white clothes and branches of myrtle and laurel, which are agrarian symbols of good fortune. The tables are built with three tiers, recalling the holy trinity: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. They also don baskets in which the faithful place their prayer petitions for the year ahead.

After days, and sometimes weeks of preparation which often comes at a great monetary expense to the creator, a priest will come to the home or piazza where the altar was built in order to bless it. It is traditional to make as much food as one can afford with the aim of giving most of it away to the community—and specifically, to hungry and poor children of the village.

An essential element of the feast day’s activities is the tupa, tupa, or knock, knock ceremony. In a symbolic reenactment of Joseph seeking accommodation for his family the night of the birth of Christ, children dressed as the Holy Family knock on three homes’ doors—again recalling the holy number three. The first and second knocks are ceremoniously ignored or answered with, “There is no room for you here.” The knock on the third door is positively answered, and the three saints are joyfully invited to enjoy the bounty of the table.

The children, dressed as Jesus, Mary, and Joseph, are served a portion of all of the dishes prepared. Because the feast is during lent, the main dishes are meatless. Most Sicilian tables will include macco, a dried fava bean puree.  Fava beans are recognized as having saved the population from hunger back in the 10th century because they were the one crop that thrived during the noted severe drought. Macco is eaten as a mash, spread on bread or as a soup, with or without pasta. Other dishes are made with wild fennel, artichokes, cauliflower, asparagus, or chickpeas. Most recipes include breadcrumbs, recalling the sawdust of Saint Joseph’s carpentry craft.

The highlight of the Saint Joseph’s Day feast however, is the sweet sfince di San Giuseppe. Sfinci are fried cream puffs served hot with a dusting of cinnamon, confectioner’s sugar, and honey or cold and open-faced with a smear of ricotta cream and decorated with candied orange. Depending on the town, sfinci may have a different appearance and different ingredients. In Naples, for example, they even have a different name: zeppoli. In Rome, they are called Bignè di San Giuseppe.

Once the saints have quietly and earnestly eaten, the hosting family and all their guests are invited to join the meal which is a communal and lively gathering of several families and a grand celebration of food.

Some historians believe that Saint Joseph is the Christianized representation of the ancient Greek and Roman mystery-cult figure Liber-Dionysus-Bacchus whose ancient, annual public rites were celebrated on March 17. Liber-Dionysus-Bacchus was the god of fertility, male virility, vegetation, ecstasy, and wine, hence his association with spring’s awakening and the beginning of a new agricultural cycle. Imagery of him includes a staff decorated with flowering vegetation—similar to popular images of Saint Joseph and the shape of many of the loaves of bread found on Saint Joseph’s feast day’s tables. Whatever the origins of Saint Joseph’s Day, the ritualistic activities used to celebrate it are a beautiful request for future abundance and wealth and a wonderful expression of thanksgiving and charity.

Main Sources
– Mariella Barbera and Irene Cavarretta, Architettura dei pani di Salemi. (Bagheria: Eugenio Maria Falcone Editore, 2012).
– Salvatore Farina, Sweet Sensations of Sicily. (Caltanissetta: Lussografica, 2009).
– Fabrizia Lanza, Coming Home to Sicily. (New York: Sterling Epicure, 2012).
– Pamela K. Quaggiotto, Altars of Food to Saint Joseph: Women’s Ritual in Sicily. (Columbia University, NY: Pamela K. Quaggiotto Ph.D. Thesis, 1988).

Click  here to see an example of a St. Joseph’s Day altar.

 

Allison Scola is an independent scholar and professional musician and the owner and curator of Experience Sicily, an education and tourism company.

Click here to read more of Allison’s work on TIE: I Cannoli: Nothing Better in the World, and Genie in a Bottle: Colatura tradizionale di alci di Centara

 

Classic

To say we were on the rocks would be old fashioned.
I don’t want to advertise the bitterness. In Manhattan
I meet a sort of sour redhead named Tom Collins.
We run off to New Orleans together and a hurricane
splashes up around us. But even the grasshopper
lives through this. The air is weighted. It’s dark & stormy

here in our empty room. His face is dark & stormy,
stuck in a history he never shares. Our old fashioned
sex squeaks by, becomes a burden. That grasshopper
never seems to mind. Remembering back to Manhattan
when it all seemed foolproof. Falling into this hurricane
of swishing anticipation. When I met Tom Collins

I knew no worry. I was so sure Tom Collins
wouldn’t leave me when it got dark & stormy,
that I’d never shake, face the hurricane
alone. Believing that hoax is old fashioned.
I should have recognized the tease in Manhattan
and remembered the ant instead of the grasshopper.

I thought I was more wry than the grasshopper,
but I was fooled by the sweetness of Tom Collins.
I’d peeled off the hard rind of Manhattan
and stared up into the green sky, dark & stormy
& advertising a life that seemed old fashioned.
Now I light the glass lamp before each hurricane.

Just around the corner a straight-up hurricane
frightens even those who prepare. The grasshopper
and his sugary excuses are pretty old fashioned,
strained and simple. And my affection for Tom Collins
is muddled–   His face stays dark & stormy,
eyes tight like strangers on the sidewalk in Manhattan.

I miss that tongue-twisted cherry, Manhattan.
What’s even important about weather, a hurricane
braying, breathing heavily? It’s only dark & stormy
for a little while — Even the twitching grasshopper
can wait it out. And I’ve got Tom Collins
to protect me! But I know I sound old fashioned.

Sure, it’s old fashioned to love Manhattan,
to fold into the arms of Tom Collins’ hurricane.
A grasshopper heard over all that’s dark & stormy.

 

Jenna Cardinale’s poems have recently appeared in the The Incredible Sestina Anthology, Little Red Leaves, Wicked Alice, and Horse Less Review. She lives in New York.

Both My Parents Were Flight Attendants So I Took to the Skies Quite Naturally

I am flying over the North Pole and am having trouble discerning whether what’s below
me is heavy cloud cover or simply snow. Up here it is most certainly cold, although I am
closer to the sun and I imagine that even though it is late July, it will be quite cold down
there too. Taking frost crystals in through the nose, I dip below the clouds and spot water,
black salt water, stewing with ice patties and the slick, shiny backs of slippery mammals.
It is on a sizeable bit of broken glacier that I stop for some rest and a snack. For pleasure,
I build a snowman and for shame, I remove my own clothes to cover her ionically
charged private parts. (She has really become “snowwoman” by now, but this doubling of
the double-u is rather awkward and so I will continue to refer to her as “snowman”). A
little audience has gathered at the tip of the drift- all whiskery faced and tittering.
Flapping flippers. I can’t tell if they are walruses or seals or something else. I was never
very zoological. However, I speared one, a small one, and fixed it for supper. The days
were beginning to grow shorter and I still had a tremendously long way to go.

 

Each month a contemporary poet presents three poems and one personal essay in which food is consumed, passed over, or reckoned with.  Nikki is our poet for March, 2014.  

Nikki Burst is a writer and food blogger living in New York City. Her work can be found at Endive Civilization, Nerve.com, The Greenpoint Gazette, and Birdsong.

by Megin Jimenez

My grandmother twisting the neck of a hen. It’s my most distinct memory of her, of the handful I have left. I was about four years old, and I wasn’t frightened, because it was my grandmother I was watching calmly handle the hen, though I was unsettled by its jerking movements as it continued walking, after its neck had been broken, nothing like the deliberate motions of the hen alive. I had been afraid of being pecked by the living hen, with its scaly feet and sideways stare that did not seem to see me.

Memories from that deep inside childhood are fractured and unreliable, but I am certain that my grandmother wore thin silver bangles around her wrists, and that the hen was made into a hearty soup in a gigantic aluminum pot, and that the connection between the dying animal and the soup in the pot seemed self-evident. There is also that burnt-hair smell in the memory, which means that the bits of feather left on its flesh must have been burned off as part of the cleaning process.

I was also about four years old the first time I can remember visiting the United States. (“The States” is my mother’s country, Venezuela is my father’s. I grew up in an unnamed territory in between, of which my sister is the only other inhabitant.)* Among the sharpest fragments of this first conscious visit is the tasting of a chocolate frosty from Wendy’s. There’s the thrill of the exotic there, of holding a new toy. The bright yellow and red cup, the picture of the little redheaded girl with her pigtails. Who is she? Bathing my tongue in the grainy cold substance. That unmistakable tinge of a flavor that could never be created at home. “Processed” is what I would call it now; maybe there’s a petroleum product somewhere in the mix. It was startling and delicious and I didn’t want to come to the bottom of the cup.

*

When I was little, there were no American fast food places in Mérida, the small university city where I grew up. The quick and cheap meals were had at the plentiful hot dog and hamburger stands, which have the delicious custom of putting shoe string potatoes on anything you order, or at an arepera, counter places where you could get an arepa stuffed with your choice of a dozen fillings, ranging from stewed shredded beef to boiled Cornish hen eggs coated in salsa rosada, “pink sauce”, a blend of ketchup and mayo.

McDonald’s only existed in Caracas, the big city, and there, only in posh neighborhoods .McDonald’s felt like a place you would go in case of flood, or fire, or revolution, like an embassy, or a Hilton. It was clean and bright and as deliciously air conditioned in the tropical heat as only a bank or a fancy office could be.

When McDonald’s finally opened in Mérida (there are several there now), I was a teenager, back for a visit. I remember having an argument with my beloved cousin about why we shouldn’t eat there. I was rallying against “cultural imperialism.” He just wanted to go somewhere fun, have a treat from the land where movies, cars, technology came from, where cool people were hanging out.

The assiduous marketing invested by fast food corporations in hooking children on their stuff is well-documented. Despite my awareness of this cynical scheming, I can still access the great sheltered feeling of being in a McDonald’s. The sense of a larger presence in charge, a smiling presence (Ronald himself?) who condoned the eating of this food, a happy place where children are welcome and the food does not resemble the homely food of home, in a most exciting way.

*

I imagine that anyone who has traveled between “developed” and “developing” countries has a private collection of moments where the juxtapositions engendered by a globalized world have left him or her reeling. Here are some from my collection:

On a beach in Mexico, a smiling little brown girl, her t-shirt has an image of the American flag and the words “Try burning this one, asshole” printed on it.

On an island in the middle of Lake Nicaragua, stepping onto a ferry to the mainland. In the interior room of the ferry, there is a grainy television playing the 1968 cartoon Beatles’ movie, Yellow Submarine.

Then again, if you are paying attention, you need not travel far from an American city to be left reeling from such collisions. A swanky salon, where you can have expensive hair extensions, the best of them grown on the heads of young girls in India, woven into your own locks.

Or head to the nearest grocery store: piled up neatly, blending in like they were natives, are heads of garlic grown in a field in China, apples from Chile, they’ve traveled much further than you ever have.

Bewilderment at the grocery store. What happens after these worlds come together? I used to think something was wrong there, surely something unnatural, unholy was afoot? Catastrophe was sure to follow. But now I recall that I, myself, wouldn’t be here, after all, without the collision of Old World with New, North American with South American.

*

When we moved to the United States and I started third grade, my life in Venezuela was a secret. It was inexplicable and every signal I picked up seemed to deem it inferior. I would not risk coming from an inferior place (Third World, third place), like comparing a vast, shining, air conditioned American supermarket, with its piped-in soft rock, to the stinking people’s market in Mérida, where we had bought vegetable sometimes, with its miasma of smells that took you through every stage and form of decay as you walked past produce, fish and meat sections. Even the flower market had the stink of leaves rotting in standing water. How could the world contain the two? It couldn’t.

*

Lately, there has been a reversal. If you wonder too much about what you should eat, if you read about the politics and ecology and the health of food in the U.S., you end up not wanting to put anything in your mouth. In the conversation about food politics that has emerged in this country over the past decade or so (see, Alice Waters, Eric Schloesser, Michael Pollan, Mark Bittman, Jamie Oliver, Michele Obama, et al), participants all agree on at least one thing: eat food from a small-scale farmer near you.

So, last summer, I joined a CSA. The farm is in Long Island, an acceptable distance from New York City. My pick up location is in Bushwick, a rapidly gentrifying industrial neighborhood in Brooklyn that has long been contending with poverty and its attendant struggles with health, education and adequate housing.

I traveled about a half mile on my bike to pick up the Long Island vegetables in a fledgling food co-op, in a building that also houses a yarn store, a big café and a Chabad house. It is surrounded by beat-up streets, warehouses and truck depots, the ground permeated with toxic waste. The vegetables are organic, and therefore, humble: pitted and lumpy. They are also more than twice the price of their international beauty queen counterparts.

I traveled away from the stocked up grocery stores near home to a polluted industrial neighborhood to pick up homely sweet potatoes, onions, leeks, garlic covered in dirt, as if they were precious and rare. And they are, in a way. They thrill me like a gift. Inspecting them, washing them, making plans for them. And then the peeling, chopping, cooking. They are brighter, tastier. And, it must be said, the vegetables could also be considered, oddly, a status symbol, a class signifier. Earnest woman with a canvas bag, on a bike. A type.

The trip makes me reel, but in a counterclockwise direction. I secreted away my grandmother and her hens, I turned my nose up at the Mérida market with its gorgeous native fruits, only to arrive back in this metropolis, with its sophisticates talking of slow food and roof chickens, which everyday folk cannot afford.



* This was written before the current violence and chaos in Venezuela erupted, the end of which is yet to be written. These events are, to date, the darkest and most dramatic evidence of the convulsive change the country has undergone since Hugo Chavez launched his agenda in 1998. Having witnessed most of this change from the outside and via loved ones, having only experienced some of its transformations, debates and struggles during short visits, the country is not a place I can genuinely say I am “from” anymore, in the way someone who has lived through this change says it; the place I am “from” no longer exists.

 

Each month a contemporary poet presents three poems and one personal essay in which food is consumed, passed over, or reckoned with.  Megin is our poet for February, 2014.  

 

Megin Jimenez works as a translator and lives in Brooklyn. Her work has appeared in Barrow Street, Coconut, Denver Quarterly, La Petite Zine, Sentence, and other journals.

 

 by John Findura

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John Findura holds an MFA from The New School. A finalist for the Colorado Prize in Poetry, a Bread Loaf Writers’ Conference contributor, and a guest blogger for The Best American Poetry, his poetry and criticism appear in journals such as Verse, Fugue, Fourteen Hills, Copper Nickel, Pleiades, H_NGM_N, Jacket, and Rain Taxi, among others. Born in Paterson, he lives in Northern New Jersey with his family.

Experiment with the bliss
point. Create the greatest
amount of crave. Add more
excitement. Twice as much
sugar.

A device simulating
a mouth. Into more
bodies more often.
A distinct sliding
sensation. Keep the ritual
fresh, always trying
what’s new.

Its ability to melt in
your mouth.
It’s called vanishing.
The reward
of instant feelings.

So the new science
says.

 

Jenna Cardinale’s poems have recently appeared in the The Incredible Sestina Anthology, Little Red Leaves, Wicked Alice, and Horse Less Review. She lives in New York.

by G Collins

The Remnants

I paw through a shell
uncoating the coated
corner store, red haze on plexi glass,
scratches from gimmes.

Contents: no one knows
the effects, the closest to natural flavors
or Red #5 reacts. Dredge the bottom of the bin,
a windex moisture collects on skin,

a battlefield appears in the lower
intestinal tract, Lycasin against
the natural order, a once done
that was undone by

laughing little shit
or a ye olde chocolatier.

 

Gregory Collins is a graduate of the Riggio Writing and Democracy Program and received his MA from The New School’s School of Media Studies. His activity includes sound work, GPS-guided narratives compositions, poetics and humor. His interactive literary journal DRIFT INDEX will appear online in Spring 2014. 

Click here to read more of G. Collins’ Sickly Sweet poetry on The Inquisitive Eater.